The gasification process offers a clean, efficient and flexible way to convert carbon-based materials into electricity, hydrogen and other chemical products at elevated temperatures and pressures. There are several types of commercially available gasification reactors based on the feedstock and end-product requirement. In many of these gasifiers, the service life of refractory linings has been considered as a critical barrier to gasification system economics, reliability, and online availability. For realizing higher plant availability, a standby gasifer arrangement is being incorporated in the process schemes. The refractory linings in these gasifiers are subjected to a severe operating environment and selection of appropriate refractory material along with proper installation is an important step which will enable extended periods of continuous, trouble-free gasifer operation. In this paper, the state-of-the-art refractory lining design for various types of gasifiers has been reviewed with emphasis on the criteria for selection based on specific process conditions.
