In the past, rimmed steels had been commonly used for enamelling steel, but in the view of cost efficiency, they have been substituted by continous cast ones in Japan. The porcelain enamel is largely classified into two groups, two coat-two fire enamelling and direct-on enamelling. For direct-on enamelling, ultra low carbon high oxygen steel is commonly used in Japan. But the steel contains residual solute carbon and nitrogen, resulting in poor press formability compared with Ti added ultra low carbon enamelling steel (Ti added steel). In this study, an investigation has been carried out on the effects of smut (pickling residue) and morphology of deposited Ni at the interface between enamel and steel and on adherence of direct-on enamelling to improve direct-on enamel adherence of Ti added steel.
