Dielectric and piezoelectric properties of BaTi03 ceramic are significantly influenced by addition of 4Pb0.B203. The melting temperature of 4Pb0.B203 is around 500 deg C, so it would provide a liquid phase during the sintering process. Under low sintering temperatures, the grain growth of BaTi03 ceramics are enhanced by capillary action, rearrangement and solution-reprecipitation of the liquid phase. At high sintering temperatures, exaggerated grain growth of BaTi03 ceramic is restrained by the presence of a liquid phase. The spreading liquid can penetrate the solid-solid interfaces. Penetration leads to disintegration of the solid and subsequent rearrangement of fragments. With suitable amounts of glass frit and an optimised sintering temperature, the density is enhanced and the values of the dielectric a and piezoelectric properties are improved.
