Epr Of Transition Metal Ions In Ion Implanted Fluoride And Phosphate Glasses

It is expected that an implantation of transition metal (TM) ions which have partially filled d-electron shells can be used to modify optical, magnetic and electric properties of near-surface layers of glasses. These properties are determined by valence and coordination states of implanted ions as well as their local environment. Implantation of TM ions into glasses has recently attracted a considerable attention since some of TM form in implanted layers the colloid metallic nanometer-sized particles which can show large third order non-linear susceptibility. Local atomic order and valence state of TM in glasses play an important role in the capability to the aggregation of TM in clusters.