Electrochemical Series Of Polyvalent Elements In Sodium Disilicate Glasses And Melts

Polyvalent elements establish redox equilibria between their oxidized and reduced species in silicate glasses. The concentrations of the oxidized and reduced species for a specific polyvalent element depend on the synthesis conditions as well as the presence of other polyvalent elements in the glass. In order to attain a fundamental understanding of oxidation-reduction (redox) reductions in silicate glass, the properties that control the reduction of a polyvalent element in glass must be identified. The relative ease of reduction of a polyvalent element can be determined by ordering redox couples into a series of reduction potentials, as well as by arranging the redox couples according to enthalpies of reduction.